Learn Indian English Grammar with 33 Free PDF Lessons
Indian English Grammar PDF Free 33: A Comprehensive Guide
Are you interested in learning Indian English grammar? Do you want to know more about the features and varieties of Indian English? Do you need a reliable and accessible resource to help you master the rules and conventions of Indian English grammar? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then this article is for you.
indian english grammar pdf free 33
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In this article, we will provide you with a comprehensive guide to Indian English grammar. We will explain what Indian English is, how it developed, and what makes it unique. We will also discuss why learning Indian English grammar is important, what challenges you may face, and how to overcome them. Finally, we will introduce you to some of the best resources for learning Indian English grammar, including textbooks, online courses, dictionaries, reference books, websites, and blogs.
By the end of this article, you will have a clear understanding of Indian English grammar and how to improve your skills in using it. You will also be able to download a free PDF file containing 33 lessons on various aspects of Indian English grammar. So, let's get started!
What is Indian English?
Indian English is a term that refers to the variety or varieties of English spoken in India. It is one of the most widely spoken varieties of English in the world, with over 125 million speakers according to the 2011 census. It is also one of the most diverse and complex varieties of English, reflecting the linguistic, cultural, historical, and social diversity of India.
History and development of Indian English
The history of Indian English can be traced back to the 17th century, when the British East India Company established its presence in India. The company hired local interpreters, traders, soldiers, and servants who learned English for communication purposes. These early learners of English developed their own ways of speaking and writing English, influenced by their native languages, such as Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Marathi, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, etc.
As the British colonial rule expanded in India, so did the use and influence of English. English became the language of administration, education, law, commerce, media, literature, and culture. It also became a symbol of status, power, and prestige for many Indians who aspired to join the elite class. However, it also faced resistance and criticism from some Indians who saw it as a tool of oppression and domination.
After India gained its independence from Britain in 1947, English remained as one of the official languages of the country, along with Hindi. It also continued to play a vital role in various domains of life, such as politics, science, technology, business, entertainment, etc. It also became a link language among the different linguistic groups in India, as well as a global language that connected India with the rest of the world.
Today, Indian English is a vibrant and dynamic variety of English that reflects the changing realities and aspirations of India. It is constantly evolving and adapting to new situations and needs. It is also influenced by other languages, such as Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Portuguese, French, etc., as well as other varieties of English, such as American English, British English, Australian English, etc.
Features and varieties of Indian English
Indian English is not a homogeneous or uniform variety of English. It has many features and varieties that vary according to region, education, social class, age, gender, occupation, etc. However, some general features can be identified at different levels of language, such as phonology, vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and punctuation.
Phonology
Phonology is the study of the sounds of a language and how they are organized and used. Indian English phonology differs from other varieties of English in several ways. Some of the main differences are:
Indian English has fewer vowel sounds than other varieties of English. For example, it does not distinguish between /ɪ/ and /iː/ (as in ship and sheep) or between /ʊ/ and /uː/ (as in put and poot). It also does not have the schwa sound /ə/ (as in about) or the diphthongs /eɪ/ (as in day) and /aʊ/ (as in cow). Instead, it uses full vowels or other vowel sounds.
Indian English has more consonant sounds than other varieties of English. For example, it has retroflex consonants /ʈ/, /ɖ/, /ɳ/, /ɭ/, /ʂ/, and /ɻ/ (as in tartar, dare, nine, lull, shy, and rare) that are produced by curling the tongue back. It also has aspirated consonants /pʰ/, /tʰ/, /kʰ/, /bʰ/, /dʰ/, and /gʰ/ (as in puff, tough, cough, bath, dough, and golf) that are produced by releasing a puff of air after the consonant.
Indian English has different stress patterns than other varieties of English. For example, it tends to stress the first syllable of words (as in POLice, HOSpital, CANada) or all syllables equally (as in university, photograph, situation). It also tends to stress the last word of a sentence or phrase (as in I'm going HOME, This is my FRIEND, I like CHOCOLATE cake).
Indian English has different intonation patterns than other varieties of English. For example, it tends to use a rising tone at the end of statements (as in You are coming tomorrow?) or a falling tone at the end of questions (as in What is your name.). It also tends to use a high pitch on stressed syllables or words (as in I LOVE mangoes., This is VERY important. 71b2f0854b